Skincare products are formulated to be applied in a specific sequence. Applying a heavy moisturiser before a serum prevents the serum from reaching the skin. Applying retinol before cleansing is inert. Applying SPF before moisturiser means the SPF sits between the moisturiser and the air, where it cannot function correctly. The sequence below reflects how products are designed to work.
1. Cleanser — pH-balanced, appropriate for your skin type. Gel formula for oily and combination skin. Cream or milk formula for dry and sensitive skin.
2. Niacinamide serum (optional but recommended) — 3-4 drops applied to dry skin. Regulates sebum, strengthens the barrier, inhibits hyperpigmentation. Suitable for all skin types.
3. Moisturiser — Lightweight gel for oily skin. Cream for dry skin. Lotion for combination and normal skin.
4. SPF — The final step, every morning. SPF 30 minimum. This step cannot be skipped without undermining everything else in the routine.
1. Cleanser — Same as morning or oil cleanser first if wearing SPF.
2. Retinol or retinoid (2-3 nights per week) — Applied to completely dry skin. Start with two nights per week and increase over 3 months. This is the most impactful ingredient in any anti-ageing routine.
3. Moisturiser — Applied over retinol to buffer and seal. A ceramide-based moisturiser provides the best barrier support.
Use a foaming or gel cleanser (CeraVe Foaming, La Roche-Posay Effaclar). Add a salicylic acid 2% toner or treatment 3-4 nights per week to clear follicles. Choose an oil-free gel moisturiser. Use a mattifying SPF formulation.
Use a cream or milk cleanser that does not foam. Layer a hyaluronic acid serum under moisturiser. Choose a ceramide-rich moisturiser (CeraVe Moisturizing Cream, First Aid Beauty Ultra Repair Cream). Apply moisturiser immediately after washing while skin is still slightly damp.
Use a gentle balanced cleanser. Apply a lightweight lotion moisturiser to the full face. Target the T-zone with niacinamide. Avoid applying heavy products to the nose and forehead.
Use fragrance-free products exclusively. Introduce one new product at a time, four weeks apart. Start with the basics only (cleanser, moisturiser, SPF) and add actives gradually.
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